General information.
Efficiency of petroleum, gas and gas condensate wells is determined by hydrocarbon deposits of the field and quality of hole-bottom region, its permeability that drops as use of productive pays progresses.
The reasons of wells efficiency decrease are:
- clogging (contamination) of hole-bottom with drilling fluids and binding agents;
- increased watering in productive pay;
- collector’s contamination with asphaltene-resinparaffin deposits (heavy and hard oil fractions – asphaltene, goudron, resins, and paraffins).
Traditionally Applied Intensification Technologies:
- Thermal action.
- Acid treatment.
- Alkali treatment.
- Acid and alkali treatment + physical action (vibration, ultrasound, cavitation).
- Watering technologies: water is injected through a pumping well (is applied not in separate wells but to whole formation).
- Cycling process (gas is injected into formation).
- Hydraulic explosion of a formation.
- Technologies of combusting and exploding: thermo-physical action of products of combusting and explosive chemical energy sources reaction in the zone of uncovered formation.
Requirements to this Technology.
It should simultaneously combine main action factors of all available physical and chemical methods ffecting formation:
- Acid and alkali treatments.
- Thermal and physical actions (vibration, ultrasound, cavitation).
- Results of similar hydro-gas fractures.
Efficiency of each of the above factors should exceed currently applicable technologies. A question on partial intraformational cracking (visbreaking) and pyrolysis of heavy hydrocarbons should be resolved.
Researches in the Course of Technology Development.
In experimental research, effect of atomic hydrogen on properties of oilbearing petroliferous strata was studied. Simulation of heavy hydrocarbons cracking process was held when they were treated by combustion gases of hydro-reactive compositions and combustible and oxidizing mixtures.
Kinetics of reactions of hydro-reactive compositions with water under pressure of 60MPa was studied experimentally. Metalized fuel mixtures burning processes were studied. Hydrogen effect on gas permeability and diffusive properties of a collector was studied.
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General Information on Hydrogen Thermo-Baro-Chemical Intensification Technology of Petroleum, Gas, and Gas Condensate Production in Marginal Wells.
The developed technology is aimed at increasing the output of petroleum, gas, and gas condensate in wells by active physical and chemical action of oxidized in water high-energy compounds: combustible-oxidizing and oxidation-reduction mixtures (compositions)of new generation, the use of directional action of gases formed as a result of chemical reactions (firstly, hydrogen), heat in the well, application of new technological effects and techniques in the organization of the workflow.
The multi-stage oxidation of reagents of optimized compositions provides a significant increase in permeability of the bottomhole formation zone due to:
- fracturing or possible bed separation of formation;
- intrastratal cracking and pyrolysis of high hydrocarbons and turning them into petrol and gas fractions, removing the skin effect, removal of skin-effect;
- strengthening (caking) of collectors at the expense of secondary changes in the structure of the rock.
Comparative Performance of Intensification Technologies of Petroleum, Gas, and Gas Condensate Production in Low Output wells.
| Intensification technology | Increase in well’s output (as a result of the technologyapplication) | Note |
| Heat treatment | 1,1 times | Low Efficiency |
| Acid treatment | By 20-30% in rare cases by 70% (average index is much lower) | It is efficient only in formations with high content of carbonate inclusions |
| Ultrasound treatment of hole-bottom region | Inconsiderate increase (in average by 3-10%) | It is not commonly accepted. Efficiency depends mostly on the cause and chemical content of contamination |
| Treatment by hydraulic fracturing | 2-3 times more efficient then acid treatment, gas recover increases 2-6 times | Increased water cut. Requires a lot of equipment. Ecologically unsafe (prohibited in some countries). It is difficult in technological application in hard-to-reach areas. Limited in the number of applications. |
| Thermo-baro-chemical treatment | In oil wells the output increased 1.5-7 times; in gas wells the output increased from 3 up to 27 times; in gas condensate wells – increased from 3 up to 20 times; in methane wells of coal formations – 2 times | It is efficient in petroleum, gas, gas condensate wells including watered, as well as in methane wells of coal formations. |
Advantages of Thermo-Baro-Chemical Intensification Technology of Petroleum, Gas, Gas Condensate Production.
- Working medium of the process is a mixture of heated gases with a dominant role played by atomic and molecular hydrogen.
- Several oxidizers participate in reactions of combustion with the main oxidizer being water (ballast of the well).
- Reagents used are more power consuming systems.
- Thermo-dynamic potential of the system is realized mainly in a formation, not in a casing pipe;
- In oxidation (final stage of the process) active radicals of atomic oxygen are generated.
- Effect of combustion products on a fluid and rock is multifunctional, and is mainly of chemical nature. It is intraformation transformation of high-molecular paraffins into gas and benzene (cracking – pyrolysis), hot acid-alkali treatment and widening of interstices, additional fracturing, removal of skin-effect, loose soil reinforcement, etc.
Other Specific Characteristics of the Technology.
The above technology proves to be more efficient compared with commonly applied intensification technologies of hydrocarbon raw materials inflow:
- in oil wells output increases 1.5–7 times;
- in gas wells – 3 to up to 27 times;
- in gas condensate wells – 3 to up to 20 times;
For the work on the well using the technology of thermo-baro-chemical exposure, a small amount of equipment is needed: this is the standard used for major overhaul. Used for thermo-baro-chemical exposure, the reagents, as well as the products of their reaction, are environmentally friendly systems.